在城市中长大会削弱大脑的寻路能力
Country folk can find their way more easily
农村人对伊索（的道德说教寓言）或许是心怀怨恨的，因为在流传了几个世纪的寓言故事里，他们总是被当做乡巴佬而受到嘲笑。这位古希腊故事家创作的寓言故事《乡下老鼠和城里老鼠》最早着重描绘了农村人（相比精致的城里人而言）的纯朴品味和习性。
So listen for the cheers from Somerset to Kansas as neuroscientists announce that, in fact, it is city living that can dull the wits—at least when it comes to finding one’s way in the world.
一项大规模的全球调查发现，在城市中长大会对一个人的寻路能力产生终身的负面影响。当你在一条光线昏暗的小巷中寻找一家记忆模糊的餐厅时，“乡下老鼠”或许能更轻易地找到。
In the new study, posted to the online repository bioRxiv, scientists led by Antoine Coutrot at Nantes University in France and Hugo Spiers at University College London describe how they used a dataset gathered from 4m players of a computer game called “Sea Hero Quest”, which tests way-finding skills by asking players to memorise a map showing the location of checkpoints and then measuring how well players can steer a boat to find them, guided only by their mental map.
这款游戏发布于2016年，它要求所有玩家提供自己的基本信息，其中包括年龄、性别、国籍以及是否在城市中长大。
From that database, Dr Spiers and his colleagues examined a subset of 442,000 players from 38 countries: those who had answered all the questions and who had played the game until they reached the later levels. He found that the strongest indicator of a high score was a player’s age—older people performed relatively poorly, which chimes with what researchers know about age-related cognitive decline.
但农村生活的好处是能够抵消一部分影响。来自美国玩家的数据显示，在农村长大的70岁老人与60岁普通老人的寻路能力相当。
The gap between the navigation skills of rural and city people was largest in America (about six times wider than for Romania), and the researchers think they know why. They gave each country a complexity score by analysing how the streets were laid out in its largest cities.
他们发现，相比布拉格这样街道网络复杂的城市，在以简单网格布局的城市（在美国和阿根廷最为常见）为主的国家长大的人的寻路能力更差。
The study does not show why cities have this impact on people growing up in them. It cannot rule out that an external factor, such as the effect of air pollution on a developing brain, might play a role. But Dr Spiers says that the brain’s navigational abilities probably weaken in the less challenging city environment because they are not being used as much.
虽然城市可能看起来更为复杂，但城市中提供了更多能够帮助居民寻路的线索，比如编了号的街道。正如许多前往乡村游玩的城市居民所证明的那样，一个地方和另一个地方看起来没两样，而帮助他们指引方向的路标也更少。
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